Tag Archives: OCR A2 Psychology

Loftus et al., (1987)

Forensic Psychology, Interviewing Witnesses, Making a Case, OCR A2 Psychology, , , ,

Loftus et al., (1987) – Some Facts About “Weapon Focus”, Journal of Law and Human Behaviour 11 (1), 55–62

 

Background

This is the second study we look at from the ‘Interviewing Witnesses’ section of ‘Making a case’. As part of your OCR A2 Psychology Exam. It is further categorised into ‘Weapons Focus and Factors Affecting Reconstruction.’

“‘Weapon Focus’ refers to the concentration of a crime witness’s attention on a weapon, and the resultant reduction in ability to remember other details of the crime.”

When a weapon such as a gun is present during a crime. Witness recall of the offender is significantly reduced. The reason behind this is witnesses tend to focus on the weapon, not the offender. This is due to attentional narrowing, which Loftus believed is present due to evolution.

Good news! There is not a background study for this study!

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Frowd et al., (2007)

Forensic Psychology, Interviewing Witnesses, Making a Case, OCR A2 Psychology, , ,

Frowd et al., (2007) – The relative importance of external and internal features of facial composites

Background

This is the first study we look at from the ‘Interviewing Witnesses’ section of ‘Making a case’. As part of your OCR A2 Psychology Exam. It is further categorised into ‘Facial Reconstruction.’

Research by both Fantz and Goldstein and Chance highlight the perceptual preference for faces. This leads to increased memory of faces. Fantz showed newborns this image:

Fantz's Face Shapes, Fantz Psychology faces
Fantz’s Face Shapes

The babies all spend the longest time looking at the face on the left. Thus demonstrating an innate human preference for looking at faces.

Goldstein and Spencer showed participants unique images such as snowflakes, ink blots and faces. They found statistically significantly more faces were recalled than any of the other images.

Sinha’s Meta analyisis of stranger face reconstruction (2006) concluded with eight key points.

Firstly, try to identify this image:

Can you see who it is?
Can you see who it is?

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Daly and Wilson (2001)

Biology, Forensic Psychology, OCR A2 Psychology, Turning to Crime, , ,

Daly and Wilson (2001) – ‘Risk-taking, intrasexual competition, and homicide’, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 47, 1-36.

Background

This is the third study we look at from the ‘Biology’ section of ‘Turning to Crime’. As part of your OCR A2 Psychology Exam. It is further categorised into ‘Gender.’

Daly and Wilson’s study focuses on gender differences in criminal behaviour. Typically there is an 80/20 spilt between the males and females who are convicted of committing crimes.

There are many explanations offered for this unequal gender divide in crime, including evolutionary explanations and social explanations.

The study took place in Chicago which has around 77 different areas, all of which have varying levels of social and economic prosperity.

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Brunner et al,. (1993) – Genes and Serotonin

Biology, Forensic Psychology, OCR A2 Psychology, Turning to Crime, , , , ,

Brunner et al,. (1993) – ‘Abnormal behaviour associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monamine oxidase A,’ Science 262 (S133), 578-80.

 

 

Background

This is the second study we look at from the ‘Biology’ section of ‘Turning to Crime’. As part of your OCR A2 Psychology Exam. It is further categorised into ‘Genes and Serotonin.’

How much do genes and neurotransmitters contribute to the development of criminal behaviour? As this study is from the biological section, you may not be surprised to find out that genes and serotonin are central to the study. “Studies of aggressive behaviour in animals and humans have implicated altered metabolism of serotonin, and to a lesser extent dopamine, and noradrenaline [also known as norepinephrine] . Continue reading Brunner et al,. (1993) – Genes and Serotonin →

Raine et al., (2002) – Brain Dysfunction

Biology, Forensic Psychology, OCR A2 Psychology, Turning to Crime, , ,

Raine et al,. (2002) – ‘Prefrontal Structural and Functional Deficits in Schizotypal Personality Disorder’

Background

Phineas Gage


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