Tag Archives: OCR A2 Psychology

Farrington et al (1994) Disrupted Families

Forensic Psychology, OCR A2 Psychology, Turning to Crime, Upbringing, , ,

Farrington et al,. (1994) – ‘Criminal careers and life success: new findings from the Cambridge study in Delinquent Development,’ Home Office Findings 281.

 

 

Background

This is the first study we will be looking at from the ‘Upbringing’ section of ‘Turning to Crime’, as part of your OCR A2 Forensic Psychology course. It is further categorised into ‘Disrupted Families.‘

Why do people become criminals? Are criminals inartistically different to law-abiding citizens? One reason may be due to the upbringing  of those individuals who turn to crime. Large families, neglect, parental relationships, conflict and the style of parental discipline may have adverse effects upon the young, which may lead them to crime. For example, if parents are inconsistent with their discipline, that is, not consistently punishing behaviour with sanctions of equal value, then the child may learn to disregard the rules as transcending them does not always yield punishment, thus leading to crime in later life. John Bowlby (1907-1990) theorised that maternal deprivation of the child may lead to dysfunctional delinquency in later life. Continue reading Farrington et al (1994) Disrupted Families →

Forensic Psychology OCR A2 Unit Revision

Forensic Psychology, OCR A2 Psychology,


Forensic Psychology is one of the units in OCR A2 Psychology Unit G543.

Ideographic Approach – Psychologists who employ this approach study the factors which make criminals different.

Nomothetic Approach – Psychologists who employ this approach study group behaviours and surmise general rules about such behaviour.

In the Forensic Psychology Unit of the course we consider how criminals become criminals from a variety of perspectives. We consider if criminals have something biologically faulty, or if they think differently to non-offenders.

In the making a case section of the Forensic Psychology we consider how the legal system can best build a case against an offender. We consider how the Police can best interview witnesses to ensure they gain the most accurate data from eyewitnesses and how they can best interview suspects. In some cases Police interview techniques can lead to false confessions, we study one such example and consider how we can best avoid this from happening in future cases.

In the reaching a verdict section of the course: we turn our attention to the courtroom and how juries reach their decision and what could possible have confounding effects upon their verdicts, for example how does the majority in the group affect the minority? Can the minority affect the majority? If so how? Is this a positive factor?

Ensure that you learn all the sections and subsections for each study, because this will be one of the most important factors in your exam. Make sure that you start your revision early and be consistent with it. If you have to spend some time working out a system and a plan of for your revision do it, you will thank yourself down the road.

It is highly recommended that you buy the revision guide to help you with your learning process: OCR A2 Psychology Student Unit Guide New Edition: Unit G543 Forensic Psychology

Forensic Psychology:

Turning to crime:

Upbringing:

  1. Farrington et al (1994)
  2. Sutherland (1947)
  3. Wikström and Tajel (2003)

Cognition:

  1. Yochelson and Samenow (1976)
  2. Kohlberg (1981)
  3. Gudjonsson and Bownes (2002)

Biology:

  1. Raine et al (2002)
  2. Brunner et al (1993)
  3. Daly and Wilson (2001)

Making a case:

Interviewing Witnesses:

  1. Frowd et al (2007)
  2. Loftus et al (1987)
  3. Fisher et al (1989)

Interviewing Suspects:

  1. Inbau et al (1986)
  2. Mann et al (2004)
  3. Gudjonsson and Mackeith (1990)

Creating a Profile:

  1. Hazelwood and Douglas (1980)
  2. Canter et al (2004)
  3. Canter and Heritage (1990)
  4. Canter – John Duffy


Reaching a Verdict:

Persuading a Jury:

  1. Pennington and Hastie (1988)
  2. Cutler and Penrod (1989)
  3. Pickel (1995)

Witness Appeal:

  1. Castellow (1990)
  2. Penrod and Cutler (1995)
  3. Ross et al (1994)

Reaching a Verdict:

  1. Hastie et al (1983)
  2. Asch (1955)
  3. Nemeth and Wachtler (1974)

After a Verdict:

Imprisonment:

  1. Gillis and Nafekh (2005)


Download all the audio recordings of the studies here!

OCR A2 Psychology

OCR A2 Psychology


Here you will find all the revision materials you need for OCR A2 Psychology, unit G543, and G544.

Understanding the categories of each study is vital to succeeding in your OCR A2 Psychology exam. Each unit has  4 main categories inside it. The bare minimum you have to learn is two units and three categories from each.  For example let’s look at one unit: Forensic Psychology. You could pick to learn: Turning to Crime, Making a Case and Reaching a Verdict and you would not have to learn After a guilty verdict.

Forensic Psychology:

Turning to crime:

Upbringing:

  1. Farrington et al (1994)
  2. Sutherland (1947)
  3. Wikström and Tajel (2003)

Cognition:

  1. Yochelson and Samenow (1976)
  2. Kohlberg (1981)
  3. Gudjonsson and Bownes (2002)

Biology:

  1. Raine et al (2002)
  2. Brunner et al (1993)
  3. Daly and Wilson (2001)

Making a case:

Interviewing Witnesses:

  1. Frowd et al (2007)
  2. Loftus et al (1987)
  3. Fisher et al (1989)

Interviewing Suspects:

  1. Inbau et al (1986)
  2. Mann et al (2004)
  3. Gudjonsson and Mackeith (1990)

Creating a Profile:

  1. Hazelwood and Douglas (1980)
  2. Canter et al (2004)
  3. Canter and Heritage (1990)
  4. Canter – John Duffy


Reaching a Verdict:

Persuading a Jury:

  1. Pennington and Hastie (1988)
  2. Cutler and Penrod (1989)
  3. Pickel (1995)

Witness Appeal:

  1. Castellow (1990)




  2. Penrod and Cutler (1995)
  3. Ross et al (1994)

Reaching a Verdict:

  1. Hastie et al (1983)
  2. Asch (1955)
  3. Nemeth and Wachtler (1974)

After a Verdict:

Imprisonment:

  1. Gillis and Nafekh (2005)




Health and Clinical Psychology:


Health and Clinical is one of the units in OCR A2 Psychology Unit G543.

This page has been written to help you understand the structure of the health and clinical unit from your OCR A2 Psychology G543 exam.

In order to revise effectively for this Psychology exam you will need to know all the categories and subsections of this unit, as the questions you will be asked will relate directly to the categories first, not the studies as was the case in AS psychology, for example in your A2 Psychology exam you will never be asked a question with the name of a specific study in the question.

So to revise effectively, you will need to know all the categories. In the sidebar you will find a form to get a free Psych Yogi revision guide to further help you with you studies.

It is highly recommended that you buy the revision guide to help you with your learning process: OCR A2 Psychology Student Unit Guide New Edition: Unit G543 Health and Clinical Psychology (Student Unit Guides)

Health and Clinical Psychology Studies:

Healthy Living:

Theories of health belief:

  1. Becker (1978) – Health Belief Model
  2. Rotter (1966) – Locus of Control
  3. Bandura – Self-efficacy

 Methods of health promotion and supporting evidence:

  1. Cowpe (1989) – Media Campaign
  2. Dannenberg (1993) – Legislation
  3. Janis and Feshbach (1953) – Fear Arousal

Features of adherence to medical regimes and supporting evidence:

  1. Bulpitt and Fletcher (1988) – Reasons for non-adherence: cognitive rational non-adherence




  2. Lustman (2000) – Measures of non-adherence: physiological
  3. Watt et al (2003)  – Improving – Behavioural (Funhaler)

Stress:

Causes of stress:

  1. Johansson et al., (1978) – Work
  2. Kanner (1981) – Hassles and Life Events
  3. Geer and Maisel (1972) – Lack of Control

Methods of measuring stress:

  1. Geer and Maisel (1972) – Physiological Measures
  2. Holmes and Rahe (1967) – Self-report
  3. Johansson et al., (1978) – Combined Approach

Techniques for managing stress:

  1. Meichenbaum (1972) – Cognitive
  2. Budzynski (1970) – Behavioural
  3. Waxler-Morrison (1991) – Social

Dysfunctional Behaviour:

Diagnosis of dysfunctional behaviour:

  1. DSM/ICD – Categorising




  2. Rosenhan and Seligman (1989) – Definitions
  3. Ford and Widiger (1989) – Biases in Diagnosis

Explanations of dysfunctional behaviour:

  1. Gottesman and Shields (1972) – Biological
  2. Watson and Raynor Little Albert (1920) – Behavioural
  3. Beck (1967) – Cognitive – Maladaptive Thoughts 

Treatments of dysfunctional behaviour:

  1. Karp and Frank (1995) – Biological
  2. McGrath et al (1990) – Behavioural
  3. Öst and Westling (1995) – Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Disorders:

Characteristics of disorders:

  1. Phobia – An anxiety Disorder
  2. A Psychotic Disorder – Schizophrenia
  3. An Affective Disorder – Bipolar

Explanations of one disorder (affective, anxiety or psychotic):

  1. Watson and Raynor Little Albert (1920) – Behavioural




  2. Gottesman and Shields (1972) – Biological
  3. Seligman (1979) – Cognitive

Treatments of one disorder (affective, anxiety of psychotic):

  1. Paul and Lentz (1977) – Behavioural
  2. Comer (1998) – Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
  3. Karp and Frank (1995) – Biological