Tag Archives: Cognitive Psychology

Memon and Higham (1999) – Cognitive Interview

A Level Psychology H567, Applied Psychology, Criminal Psychology, , ,

Memon, A., & Higham, P. A. (1999). A review of the cognitive interview. Psychology, Crime and Law, 5(1-2), 177-196.

Background

This is a study you may need for your OCR H567, Applied Psychology exam. It is from the criminal psychology unit. It considers the topic: The collection and processing of forensic evidence (cognitive). The application for this study is at least one strategy for police interviews. 

For this criminal psychology unit, it is highly recommended that you read Forensic Psychology: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) to gain a deeper understanding of criminal psychology.


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Grant et al. (1998) – Context-Dependent Memory

A Level Psychology H567, AS Psychology H167, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, , ,

Grant, H. M., Bredahl, L. C., Clay, J., Ferrie, J., Groves, J. E., McDorman, T. A., & Dark, V. J. (1998). Context-dependent memory for meaningful material: Information for students. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12(6), 617-623.

This is the contemporary cognitive psychology study which you will look at for your H167 AS OCR Psychology exam. You will also need this study for your OCR H567 A Level Psychology core studies exam.

Background

The theme of the cognitive psychology studies in the H167  exam is memory. This study by Grant et al., (1998) focuses on context-dependent memory. 

What is context-dependent memory?

Context-dependent memory is a not a specific type of memory per se, but it instead it refers to the improved memory performance when individuals are tested in the same context in which they learned the tested material.

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Loftus and Palmer (1974) – Eyewitness Testimony

A Level Psychology H567, AS Psychology H167, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Famous Psychological Studies, , ,

Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory.Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior, 13(5), 585-589.

This is the classic cognitive psychology study which you will look at for your H167 AS OCR Psychology exam. You will also need this study for your OCR H567 A Level Psychology core studies exam.

Background

The theme of the cognitive psychology studies in the H167  exam is memory. This study by Loftus and Palmer (1974) focuses on an applied area of memory: eyewitness testimony. 

In order to best understand this study, it is highly recommended that you first read the following books written by Elizabeth Loftus:

 

 

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Fisher et al., (1986)

Forensic Psychology, Interviewing Witnesses, Making a Case, OCR A2 Psychology, , , ,

Fisher et al., (1986) – ‘Enhancement of eyewitness memory with the cognitive interview’, American Journal of Psychology

 

This study is also referred to as:

  • Fisher et al., (1986)
  • Fisher and Geiselman (1986)
  • Geiselman et al., (1986)

Background

Fisher et al., (1986) focuses on police interviews of witnesses.

What is an interview?

An interview is simply trying to elicit information from a person or witness, while keeping the information valid. This is easier said than done. You may remember two studies from AS: Loftus et al., (1974) and Samuel and Bryant (1984), which demonstrate this.  Firstly, Loftus showed the impact that leading questions could have upon participant recall and she concluded that an actual change in memory had occurred. Memory is easily malleable, changing how a question is asked can change the memory itself. Secondly, Samuel and Bryant showed the impact of repeating the same question. Repeating the same question to children will cause them to completely change their answer, even if their answers were perfectly correct.

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